Mass media in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mass media in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Saudi Arabia achieves control of the media mainly through the Ministry of Information, which administers the national news agency and the broadcasting services, and is responsible for applying censorship regulations (Rampal, 1994). Simons (2006) states that the three main roles played by mass media are as mirror, witness, and transmitter. This refers to the necessity for media to reflect the news, events, and situations, to observe occurrences of social, political and other interest, and to convey the information, observations and analysis to the general public. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various aspects of mass media in Saudi Arabia, including its functioning and conditions affecting Arab mass media. 2. An Authoritarian Mass Media System The standard systems of classifying mass media are as authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and totalitarian (Siebert, Peterson & Schramm, 1963). The Arab media do not fall specifically into any one of the above categories, but some elements of all four systems are found in the mass media system of Saudi Arabia. In most of the Arab countries the media function under different variations of the authoritarian theory; thus, of the four theories this is the one that most closely explains the Saudi Arabian mass media operations. The authoritarian governments in these Arab countries play a part in the use of authoritarian media functions. In the authoritarian system, the media â€Å"support and advance the policies of the government, which controls the media either directly or indirectly through licensing, legal action, or perhaps financial means† (Rugh, 2004, p.23). Rampal (1994) reiterates that despite political reform initiatives, Saudi Arabia remains an absolute monarchy. The authoritarian political system has resulted in a controlled press, particularly since 1958 when the government’s Publications Department was goven to censor publications. The authoritarian reg ime permits the media to discuss society and the machinery of government, but not of the people who hold the political power. This system is built on the theory that truth does not emerge from a great mass of people, but of a few wise men capable of directing and guiding their fellow human beings (Siebert et al, 1963). In the authoritarian system comment and criticism are carefully guided, and lucid goals for the community align with the objectives of the regime

Business Analytics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Analytics - Assignment Example 2. Of the six potential data quality problems such as currency, completeness, relevance, duplication, outliers and inconsistent values and coding, which do you consider as the most difficult to detect and fix and why? This has to be the completeness and relevance of data. In a project involving Big Data, it is almost impossible to correctly anticipate future data requirements. Data that may be useful right now may be of no purpose in future. It is also hard to fully understand what data is relevant for the project and what data is of no purpose. Fixing data incompleteness and irrelevance is a delicate task, as it usually results into altering the entire structure of databases and sometimes affecting the integrity of the entire databases. I consider currency, duplication, outliers and inconsistent values and coding to be relatively easy to fix. Currency conversion is inbuilt in data management systems. Duplication of data is also simple to detect and can be eliminated through the use of primary keys. Outliers, inconsistent values and coding can be removed by the use of tools which detect discrepancies in