Marketing ExcellenceAmerican Express Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising ExcellenceAmerican Express - Essay Example Enhancement and development of administrations offered-during the 1980s, American Express ventured into an assortment of budgetary classes, which included business administrations, banking and protection and procured organizations, for example, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb Inc, and E.F Hutton and Co. American Express has likewise had the option to situate itself against rivalry by producing and riding on associations by expanding the quantity of dealers that acknowledged its cards including Walmart and grew new card contributions, including co-marked cards. American Express has likewise had the option to collaborate with various banks such MBNA, Citigroup, UBS, and USAA. American Express has changed after some time from its underlying conventional business of â€Å"Travelers cheques†, in the nineteenth century, to charge cards during the 1960s, to an assortment of monetary administrations which incorporate financier administrations, banking and protection during the 1980s, to progressive Visas in the 21st century and by and by a wide range of individual cards just as private venture and corporate cards. 2. American Express has had the option to incorporate its business by growing in other various organizations, for example, money related administrations, financier and protection, in 1980s; American Express obtained various different organizations, for example, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb Inc and E.F Hutton and Co. The organization has likewise expanded its customer base by expanding the quantity of traders who acknowledge their cards, for example, Walmart and growing new card contributions, including cards that are co-marked. American Express additionally coordinated its business in mid-1990s when it re-marked its Small Business Services division as â€Å"OPEN: The Small Business Network†, consequently expanding advantages, for example, adaptable installments just as uncommon offers, associations, and assets for independent ventures. American Express needed to connect with entrepreneurs who basically are not the same as individuals who work for enormous

Adress some aspect of criminal justice system in New York City Essay

Adress some part of criminal equity framework in New York City - Essay Example ken by the city’s criminal equity framework, with the dynamic contribution of individuals, police and different offices concerned, have been delivering rich profits as to wrongdoing control. The idea of ‘problem explaining justice’ executed as a component of the changes into the organization of criminal equity arrangement of the New York City has become an innovator and is intensely valued by different nations moreover. The changes were so authentic and result arranged that the Commission on English Prisons Today of the UK prescribed in one of its proposals to the Government to accept the changes as a model for bringing out changes in the country’s criminal equity framework (Harwood, Para 1 ). The significance of the ‘problem tackling justice’ lies in its capacity to address different issues associated with the underlying drivers of wrongdoings. Constitution of network courts is the primary segment of this sort of equity to take care of and explain the wrongdoing inciting issues in the general public. To make the courts fruitful, participation of neighborhood individuals is an unquestionable requirement. Bean (2003, p.308) clarifies that obligation of wrongdoing control isn't restricted to the police and criminal equity organizations alone and that various offices and social specialist co-ops need to facilitate the endeavors towards this end. Network courts, set up with appropriate contributions by the network individuals, are intended to create harmony between the network individuals and the legitimate club also, focused on the sole reason for bettering the open doors, for example, instructive offices, work and business openings and keeping the young people of the network on the correct way (Barak, 2007, p. 586). Corriero (2006, p. 154) has clarified that these courts are intended for handling the consuming social issues, for example, tranquilize misuse, abusive behavior at home, joblessness and psychological instability. It is normal information that these are the potential issues pushing the adolescent towards the universe of violations when they are contrarily associated with them. It is hence

The Secret Financial History of Voting

The Secret Financial History of Voting The Secret Financial History of Voting The Secret Financial History of VotingTheres a lot of money in politics today, but old-timey politicians used to straight-up bribe them for their votesâ€"sometimes with booze!As our increasingly divided country gets ready to cast its ballots on November 6th, there’s one thing we can agree on: that we can’t wait for the political ad deluge to finally stop. Granted, next spring will likely see the 2020 presidential campaign begin in earnest, bringing with it even more ads, but we’ll take whatever kind of breather we can get.Nowadays, American elections cost more than everâ€"by a lot. The 2016 election involved a total of $6.5 billion in spending.  $2.4 billion was spent on the presidential election while $4.1 billion was spent on all the other races put together. And that’s not even as much as was spent in 2012, which came in at $7 billion.All this spending is driven by the candidates themselves and by Super PACs, outside groups that can raise (and then spend) unlimited amounts of moneyâ€"generally donated by very wealthy supporters. However, both Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump found great success in 2016 soliciting millions upon millions from small-dollar donors.All of this spending is pretty cut and dryâ€"and more than a little dull. Meanwhile, the history of American elections is, likewise, awash with spendingâ€"large portions of it coming via bribes, purchased votes, and barrels upon barrels of liquor. That sounds way more fun, right?We certainly think it does. With that in mind, sit back, relax, and enjoy these highlights from the secret financial history of voting. In Colonial America, elections were bought with booze.In colonial times, voting was usually done viva voce, or by voice. Basically, people would gather in town squares and speak their support for candidatesâ€"a process similar to modern-day caucuses. This meant that election days were oftentimes rowdy, raucous affairs: a perfect place for imbibing an alcoholic beverage or five.In fact, a lcohol wasn’t some sort of electoral side effect: It was the main attraction. So much so that candidates would purchase liquor and spirits to give to the assembled voters. And if they didn’t, their chances of winning were practically zilch.You know how people nowadays say that they’re voting for a candidate because they’re the one “they’d like to get a beer with?” Yeah, this was like that, only it was the candidates were literally thrusting frosty mugs of brew into voters hands.One politician who got bit by their refusal to hand out free booze was a young George Washington. In 1755, the 24-year-old future president was running for a seat in the legislature. He was solidly against the practice of plying voters with alcohol (sometimes referred to as “treating”) and was determined to stand on nothing but his own merits.Stop laughing. Washington lost in a landslide: 271 to 40. When he ran again three years later, he shelled out approximately 144 gallons of free liquor. And wouldnt you know it? This time he won.Eventually, decades after the American Revolution, states would decide that maybe this wasn’t such a great way to decide the leaders of our nation. Beginning with Maryland in 1811, the practice of plying voters with free booze was banned.During the 1800’s, election day was … sort of The Purge?Up until the 20th century, elections on the wholeâ€"and election days in particularâ€"remained pretty wild. Many considered public voting (as in, not keeping your vote a secret) to be a hallmark of the American system. Violence at the polls was also common, with the whole ordeal being seen as an almost Hunger Games-esque test of one’s manly mettle.In an article for The New Yorker, journalist Jill Lepore recounts the story of George Kyle, who was attacked on his way to the polls in Baltimore, 1859. Kyle was wounded by a bullet, while his brother was killed. They never did get a chance to get their votes, and their candidate lost.The results were challenged in court but were eventually upheld. Lepore writes:Voting in America, it’s fair to say, used to be different. “Are you not a man in the full vigor of manhood and strength?” a member of the House Committee on Elections asked another Harrison supporter who, like Kyle, went to the polls but turned back without voting (and who happened to stand six feet and weigh more than two hundred pounds). The hearings established a precedent. “To vacate an election,” an election-law textbook subsequently advised, “it must clearly appear that there was such a display of force as ought to have intimidated men of ordinary firmness.”Much of this chaos was due to the U.S. Constitution, which remained vague on matters of electoral conduct. Matters were mostly left up to the states, which combined with these somewhat barbaric traditions to create a system that was, as Lepore describes it, “higgeldy-piggeldy.”Even states that chose to vote “by paper” weren’t much better, as many early ballots weren’t much of an improvement on viva voce. These weren’t provided by the government, but rather by (primarily) political parties. From Lepore:Printed ballots came to be called “party tickets,” because they looked like train tickets (which is why, when we talk about someone who votes a single-party slate, we say that he “votes the party ticket”). The printing on ballots of a party symbol, like the Free Soilers’ man-pushing-a-plow, meant that voters didn’t need to know how to write, or even to read. Not surprisingly, the ticket system consolidated the power of the major parties. Curiously, it promoted insurgency, too: party malcontents could “bolt,” or print their own ballots, listing an alternate slate of candidates; they could “knife” a candidate by stacking up a pile of tickets and slicing out his name; and they could distribute “pasters,” strips of paper printed with the name of a candidate not on the party ticket, to be pasted over that of his opponent. (For this, polls were stocked with vats of paste.)Undeniably, party tickets led to massive fraud and intimidation. A candidate had to pay party leaders a hefty sum to put his name on the ballot and to cover the costs of printing tickets, buying votes, and hiring thugs, called “shoulder-strikers,” to tussle with voters. To make sure all that soap was paying off, ballots grew bigger, and more colorful, so bright-colored that even “vest-pocket voters”â€"men who went to the polls with their ballots crammed into their pocketsâ€"could barely hide their votes.Okay so maybe we overstated it slightly when we invoked The Purge. But still, this era of American elections was defined by chaos, violence, and fraud. And if that doesn’t sound like the perfect recipe for buying votes, then we don’t know what is.Why buy ads when you can just buy voters.If you want to know more about the history of buying votes in U.S. elections, we recommend you check out Lepore ’s piece as well as the delightful The ABCs of Buying Elections from Jaime Fuller in The Washington Post. Here is our favorite selection from Fuller’s piece:Everybody in Maine (1880): A Democratic editor of this town with whom I talked today, sadly admitted that Maine was full of purchasable votes. There is many a place, he reported, where men can be bought up at so much a head, and the price is not high either. A dollar often fetches them, but frequently a pair of trousers, a coat, a pair of boots, or a hat does the business. Another well-informed politician told of a case in which the Democratic candidates for the legislature gave a man a pair of pantaloons a few days before the election. Approaching the polls in his new clothes, the voter was questioned as to his choice by a suspicious Democrat. Im going Republican this time, was the dogged reply. What, with those Democratic trousers on? rejoined the Democratic solicitor, thinking that a hint that he was in the secret would b e enough. Yes, said the free citizen of Maine: mebbe you dont know the coat is Republican, and its the best part of the suit.'Throughout the 1800’s, candidates were able to shamelessly court voters by offering them money in exchange for their support. And public voting made this practice all the easier. From S.J. Ackerman on  Smithsonian.com:In some states, politicos could buy votes confident of knowing whether the voters stayed bought; they could watch at the polls as their conspicuously marked ballots descended into glass-sided ballot boxes. Sometimes voters handed their votes to election clerks for deposit, inviting further fiddling with the results. Apparently, ballot fraud was so common it developed its own vocabulary. “Colonizers” were groups of bought voters who moved en masse to turn the voting tide in doubtful wards. “Floaters” flitted like honeybees wafting from party to party, casting ballots in response to the highest bidder. “Repeaters” voted early and, so metimes in disguise, often.And while these practices persisted into the 20th century, the widespread adoption of secret ballots meant a corresponding need for secrecy amongst election fraudsters.Payments now were being made behind closed doors, and the people getting paid were more and more likely to be party bosses and local bigwigs who would then go out and manufacture vote totals. (This is a good time to mention that we’re based in Chicago: the former home of America’s premier political machine.)Finally: one interesting fact about President Benjamin Harrison.Still, there was one vote-buying scheme that stands head and shoulders above the rest. That Smithsonian Magazine article quoted above was about the presidential election of 1888, when Republican Benjamin Harrison outright bought the presidency out from under incumbent Democrat Grover Cleveland.In short: Harrison needed to win his home state of Indiana in order to take the electoral college, but the massively popular Cleve land presented a challengeâ€"especially since Indiana Democrats, themselves, had a history of electoral fraud.While Harrison campaigned on free, untainted elections, Republican National Committee Treasurer W.W. Dudley instituted a massive vote-buying scheme, instructing local leaders to “Divide the floaters into blocks of five, and put a trusted man with necessary funds in charge,” being sure to “make him responsible that none get away and all vote our ticket.”Despite newspapers getting wind of the story, Dudley’s scheme prevailed through sheer force of financial will, sending Harrison to the White House. Fans of karma will rest easy, however, knowing that Harrison was a total bust as President, eventually losing his re-election bid four years later … to none other than the now-even-more popular Grover Cleveland.Vote buying still occurs today, but only on a very small scale.You might be surprised to learn that vote-buying isn’t entirely extinct. How, in these modern ti mes of ours, could someone be so brazen as to go around giving people money for their votes without fear of getting caught?Well, it’s because most of these schemes are happening in very small local elections, ones where all it might take is a grand or two to push you over the finish line. In 2012, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter David A. Fahrenholdt covered a number of recent cases for The Washington Post:It may still be possible to steal an American election, if you know the right way to go about it. Recent court cases, from Appalachia to the Miami suburbs, have revealed the tricks of an underground trade: Conspirators allegedly bought off absentee voters, faked absentee ballots, and bribed people heading to the polls to vote one way or another.What they didn’t do, for the most part, was send people into voting booths pretending to be somebody else.Money is an issue in the American electoral system. It always has been, and it always will be. Yesterday it was poll taxes, today i t’s dark money. Who knows what tomorrow will be? Something to do with cryptocurrency? or people trying to vote via Alexa and accidentally ordering a new washing machine?At the very least, we’re not being beaten at the polls anymore … though we’re also not being handed free liquor at the polls, either. All in all, we can judge that part a wash.To learn more about the history of personal finance, check out these related posts from OppLoans:25 Little-Known Presidential Money FactsWait, Why ARE Employers the Ones Providing Health Insurance?The 12 Worst Financial Scandals In HistoryIs There a Secret Money Lesson Hidden In “The Wizard of Oz?”What else do you want to know about the history of finance? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Analysis and Recommendation for the Mod Iv Product...

Background/ Introduction The Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning controls (HVAC) is one of the Honeywell Building Controls (BCD)’s four product areas. In 1989 HVAC controls was pitching a multimillion project on the Mod IV--- an advanced motor used in HVAC applications. It was envisioned as â€Å"Golden Egg† by a senior manager because it was a main pitch of the company, and once it was ready to produce and successfully introduced into the market, it would account for 30% of the division’s profits. The central issue revolved around the division’s product development team and their commitment to meet the schedule. This led to multiple lower-level issues, such as communication disparity among various groups, mistiming in changing the†¦show more content†¦Fortunately, the General Manage, John Bailey was well aware of the essence and benefit of the Contingency Theory. He soon realized the necessity to reform his structure in response to the unp recedented challenge. They started to embrace what they called the â€Å"Parallel Development† structure. Basically it was a more organic structure with cross-functional team. The core team consisted of people from three critical functional areas--- manufacturing, marketing/sales, and engineering. It was basically a Project Organization assembled specifically for the Mod IV. While this change absorbed some benefits, such as better communication and teamwork, some substantial problems such as perspective disparity among functional areas remained unsolved. In addition, it created new issues for BCD as friction arose when workers were reluctant to adopt change. They grumbled that the team was over-loaded and management involvement and support was lacking. Therefore, the change was only partially successful. There are several reasons why the change could not achieve its full strength. One of them is mistiming. Even John Bailey admitted it was his mistake to implement a new organizational structure and new product simultaneously. This did not mean BCD did not have the right people for the job nor their people were not enough to implement the change. It was just that they were too overwhelmed by the complexity of the sudden change and Mod IV’s design and pressing schedule.Show MoreRelatedHoneywell Building Controls Division2157 Words   |  9 Pagesstarted to build Mod IV; the great promised product with better quality of its motor and cost reduction. The BCD built the cross-functional Mod IV team combined from manufacturing, marketing/sales, and engineering. In addition, to be more competitive, the BCD dropped sequential development in favor of the parallel development with a desire for faster and better products. The skate was high but the BCD had an inferior Product Development that slowed them down. The inferior product development delayed bothRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 Pages(Industrial) i Index Back Next ii Index Back Next National Disaster Management Guidelines Chemical Disasters (Industrial) National Disaster Management Authority Government of India iii Index Back Next iv Index Back Next Member National Disaster Management Authority Government of India ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to the Core Group Members for their untiring efforts in helping the NDMA in the formulation of the National GuidelinesRead MoreDescribe How to Establish Respectful Professional Relationships with Adults52870 Words   |  212 PagesCONSTRUCTING THE TEAM by Sir Michael Latham Joint Review of Procurement and Contractual Arrangements in the United Kingdom Construction Industry Final Report July 1994  © Crown copyright 1994 Applications for reproduction should be made to HMSO First published 1994 ISBN 0 11 752994 X Designed by Design, Drawing and Print Services DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Foreword Constructing the Team ................................................. v Executive Summary ........Read MoreMilitary Essay16059 Words   |  65 Pagesthe research? .............................................................................. 1 What was discovered? ........................................................................................................ 2 Main conclusions and recommendations............................................................................ 3 Military relevance of the work.............................................................................................. 4 2 2.1 2.2 Introduction .......Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesEnvironment Strategic Capabilities Strategic Purpose Culture and Strategy Business Strategy Corporate Strategy and Diversification International Strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Evaluating Strategies Strategy Development Processes Organising for Success Leadership and Strategic Change The Practice of Strategy Pages 30 37 47 59 69 79 88 99 108 115 122 132 144 150 162 Case Teaching Notes The LEGO Group: Working with Strategy The Global Pharmaceutical Industry:Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesSubtitle F—Relation to Other Requirements; Miscellaneous TITLE III—HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGE AND RELATED PROVISIONS Subtitle A—Health Insurance Exchange Subtitle B—Public Health Insurance Option Subtitle C—Individual Affordability Credits TITLE IV—SHARED RESPONSIBILITY Subtitle A—Individual Responsibility Subtitle B—Employer Responsibility TITLE V—AMENDMENTS TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 Subtitle A—Shared Responsibility Subtitle B—Credit for Small Business Employee Health Coverage Expenses Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagessubmit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data RobbinsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMerger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition 10. Postmerger Integration 336 336 Text Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh †¢ International Management, Sixth Edition II. The Role of Culture 390 390 423 4. The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture 5. Managing Across Cultures iv Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 1 C H A 1 P T E R NEW MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS GROWTHRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreMs Excel88443 Words   |  354 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . Hide a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Business Planning And Decision Making - 879 Words

People are constantly making plans or making decisions. In morden business world, a plan has to be made if a new project been assigned, or there is going to have a major change in the direction of where the business will be reroute. A good plan will parepare us better for uncertainty, which can help to ensure the success in the future. Meanwhile, business decisions are constantly being made by managers at each management level. A good decision determines the fail or success of a business operation. No doubt that business planning and decision making are mututal important in a business operation, many factors can contrubute to quality planning and decision making. Among all the factors, personal factors and environment factors are the two major topic in today’s business world. The purpose of this article is to take a deep look at what are the major personal and environmental facors in today’s business world that will positively influence the business planning and decisio n making. To answer above questions, we should first take a deep look at what are the steps involved in basic business planning process. Business planning are understand widely as the the quantative works that the founders of a entrepreneur carried out to collect business information and research for new opportunities. The basic activities are gathering and analyzing information, evaluating objetives, identifying risks and strategy, preparing or enlarging funding, and compiling paper plan (Cox, 2014).Show MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. By keeping an open mind helps the business adjust and be able to make the right decisions. Every business wants to make a profit; accounting is an importantRead MoreEssay on The Strategic Planning Process1078 Words   |  5 Pagesplan altered steps involved in the planning process, but in this case I will discuss on seven steps that are involved in the entire process. The first step is goal setting. This basically involves coming up with the main objectives and goals that the company wishes to establish within a particular period of time. It is a very important section because the company will operate with a view of the goal in mind, if it is not clearly established, and then the business could lose direction along the wayRead MoreManagement And Future Direction Of A Business1072 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Overview Chapter 3 talks about how decision-making skills are put to work in making strategic choices for the management and future direction of a business. Goals that companies make are targets or results that managers hope to achieve. Managers must plan out what needs to get done, when it will get done, who will do it and how it will be done. When it comes to plans, there are two basic components: goals and action. â€Å"Formal plans are written documents that capture key strategic objectivesRead MoreQuestionnaire And Questionnaire On Customer Requirements Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment (e.g., well-lit environment both inside and outside the store including the parking lot) (CR4). †¢ Offer promotion/discount (CR5). †¢ Multiple payment options (e.g., cash, check, credit card) (CR6). †¢ E-commerce and online presence (e.g., publish business information and offer product/service through a website or social media site) (CR7). †¢ Pricing (e.g., reasonable price for product/ service) (CR8). 4.2. 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The strategic planning process is usually step-based, in order to ensure that the organization takes a proactive approach to planning, rather than a reactive approach. The strategic planning process begins with setting the corporate mission and objectives as the first step. Most corporations will have a broad vision for the company and a mission that are expressedRead MoreAn Explanation Of The Strategic Management Process1655 Words   |  7 Pages 1. An explanation of the strategic management process Defining the current business, establishing strategic objectives, formulating strategy, strategy implementation and execution. Definition of Strategic Management Strategic management is the process where leaders establish an organization’s long-term direction, set the speciï ¬ c performance objectives, develop strategies to achieve these objectives in the light of all external and internal changes, and undertake effective strategies

Journal on “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Free Essays

Basically the main point of the story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, is that the modern society has drastically degenerate over the past years and that the only way for it to change is for people to repent and renew their faith in God. In addition, the author, Mary Flannery O’Connor, claims in her story that the most of the youth today no longer has moral values unlike the previous generations. In other words, the story is also a comparison between past and present societies and generations. We will write a custom essay sample on Journal on â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† or any similar topic only for you Order Now To illustrate her points and show her comparisons, the author used the characters as symbols of the past and present societies. The grandmother represents the past generation in which people were more disciplined and showed more respect as compared to the present generation. This difference between the two generations was shown at the beginning of the story wherein the grandmother failed to persuade her son’s family to go to Tennessee instead of Florida. The mere fact that her son’s family chose an alternate path on their way to Florida, which resulted in their murder at the hands of a young man and his gang, shows that the generation today tends to stray from the path that they should be taking. Basically, the point of the author is had the family remained on the main road or had they went to Tennessee instead of Florida, they would not have been killed. On the other hand, the murderer, a relatively young man called â€Å"the Misfit† in the story, according to the author, symbolized the present status of the youth today— misguided and violent. Before the Misfit killed the grandmother, she tried to convince him that he was a good man. In the end, however, the Misfit refused to listen to her and shot her three times in the chest. The author was very effective in conveying his message that the values of the generation today, particularly, the youth, have significantly deteriorated. In addition, she also convincingly showed how the present society lacks faith as depicted in the Misfit’s refusal to believe in Jesus in his conversation with the grandmother. How to cite Journal on â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, Papers

Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731) Essays - Fiction

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731) Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731) Type of Work: Adventure novel Setting England, various ships at sea, and a small island near Trinidad; seventeenth century Principal Characters Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman Friday, his island companion Story Overveiw Young Robinson Crusoe told his parents that he wished more than anything else to go to sea. His father bitterly opposed the idea, and warned his son that "if I did take this foolish step, God would not bless me - and I would have leisure hereafter to reflect upon having neglected his counsel, when there might be none to assist in my recovery." These words proved prophetic. The youthful Crusoe set out on his first voyage, with little knowledge about the perils of a sailor's life. In telling later about the tremendous storm in which his ship was caught, he remarked, "It was my advantage, in one respect, that I did not know what they meant by 'founder,' till I inquired." So ill and afraid was he during this first harrowing crisis, that he vowed never again to leave solid ground if he was blessed enough to escape drowning. But once safe on shore he found his old longing resurfacing, and Robinson took sail aboard another ship Alas, the ill-fated vessel was captured by Turkish pirates. Crusoe managed to avoid capture and made off in a small craft. Together, he and a young companion navigated along the coast of Africa, where they were pursued by both wild beasts and natives. A Portuguese ship finally rescued them and they sailed for Brazil. In the new land Crusoe established a prosperous sugar plantation. But again a feeling of lonely dissatisfaction overcame him: "I lived just like a man cast away upon some desolate island, that had nobody there but himself." Then came an offer from some planters for Crusoe to act as a trader on a slave ship bound for Africa. But this voyage also met disaster: fierce hurricanes wrecked the ship, drowning everyone aboard except Robinson, who was finally tossed up on a desolate beach.A subsequent storm washed the ship's wreckage close to shore and Crusoe constructed a raft to haul most of its supplies to land, where he stored them in a makeshift tent. After a few days, he climbed a hill and discovered that he was on what he assumed to be an uninhabited island. On his thirteenth day there, still another storm pushed the ship wreck back out to sea, where it sank, leaving him with no reminder of civilization. Crusoe soon discovered that goats inhabited the island, and began domesticating some of them to provide himself with meat, milk, butter and cheese. Near the entrance of the cave where he stored his provisions taken from the ship, he painstakingly built a well-fortified home. After crafting a table, a chair and some shelves, Crusoe also began keeping a calendar and a journal. Over the next few months, an earthquake and a hurricane damaged his supply cave, and though he still spent most of his time at his coastal home, in case a ship should happen by, he decided to erect an additional inland shelter. Later, during a brief but raging fever, the adventurer was confronted by a terrifying apparition, who announced, "Seeing all these things have not brought thee to repentance, now thou shalt die!" Remembering the advice of his father, Crusoe commenced to pray and to read from the Bible. In a strangely inverted search, he began to seek deliverance from his sins rather than from his adverse situation. In a small valley on the island, Crusoe found an abundance of wild grapes, lemons, limes and other fruits and vegetables. From the grapes he made raisins, which became a favorite staple food. In his wanderings he also caught a parrot, whom he taught to speak. With a few grains of rice and barley from the bottom of one of the ship's sacks, the sailor planted what would become large fields of grain. For several years he experimented with making bread and weaving baskets. One of Crusoe's biggest frustrations was the lack of bottles or jars in which to cook or store food. Over time, he succeeded in making clay containers and even fired some pots that were solid enough to hold liquids. After four years on the island, he was a changed man: "I looked now upon the [civilized] world as a thing remote, which I had nothing to do with, no expectation from, and indeed no desires about.. ." Crusoe dedicated his entire fifth year as a castaway to building and inventing. He constructed a "summer home" on